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The Art at the Heart of Japanese Garden Design

Evoking the beauty of nature is at the heart of this art form I learned in
Japan. The stately, one-sided form of this Virginia pine conveys its adaptation
to a mountainside habitat, with prevailing winter winds from the northwest. Note
that as a tree ages, its branches gradually lengthen and succumb to the
force of gravity, creating a conical shape. Shaded, weaker branches die, letting
in more light and revealing the structural beauty of those branches that remain.
In Japanese gardening, the beautiful character of each tree is revealed through
selective pruning. Similar techniques keep the tree in proper scale to the scene
being depicted.
Triple-trunked Scotch pine, Garden of Quiet Listening, Carleton College, 1976 Scotch pine in 1988, right after selective pruning, same height Painting of Priest Myoe meditating in a Japanese red pine, Kozanji, Kyoto, Japan
Scotch pine in 2001, just prior to selective pruning, same height.
I found this Scotch pine in the local nurseryman's front yard. It has three vertical trunks, regrown from branches coming off the main trunk about 2 feet off the ground after the tree was cut as a Christmas tree. You can bet no one imagined back then what a garden beauty this tree would become. I thinned out about one third of the crowded branches, and the tree was brought in and planted by tree spade when the garden was made in 1976. Foliage is thickening (getting more "cloud" like), with trunk and branches revealed here and there. The tree is beginning to take on the appearance of a full-grown, aged pine, though it is only twelve feet tall, the same height as when it was planted in 1976. Do you see a resemblance between this pine and the one in the Carleton garden? You may be surprised to learn that the Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) are close relatives, separated by only one species, Pinus sylvestriformis, native to the Caucasus and China.
Triple-trunked Scotch pine, Garden of Quiet Listening, Carleton College, 1976
I found this Scotch pine in the local nurseryman's front yard. It has three vertical trunks, regrown from branches coming off the main trunk about 2 feet off the ground after the tree was cut as a Christmas tree. You can bet no one imagined back then what a garden beauty this tree would become. I thinned out about one third of the crowded branches, and the tree was brought in and planted by tree spade when the garden was made in 1976.
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